欧盟50寿诞的日子越来越近了,而在有“欧盟首都”之称的布鲁塞尔,记者却几乎感受不到大庆前的热烈气氛。这是一种绚丽绽放之后的淡定;一份铅华洗尽的宁静,正所谓“五十而知天命”。/ l$ @' z& b! K
$ F1 E: d; u. k 两次世界大战的苦难使欧洲人归于理智:战争无赢家,唯联合自强,才能实现统“之梦想。20世纪后半叶,在美苏争霸的夹缝中生存的欧洲得以迅速崛起,多半应归功于这种联合。从1950年的“舒曼计划”开始,欧洲揭开了探索社会发展新模式的序幕。1952年,法国与德国两个世仇捐弃前嫌,将煤和钢铁两种战略资源交给“煤钢共同体”统一管理,并决心“以合并各国的根本利益,取代世世代代的对立”。1957年3月25日,《罗马条约》签订,欧盟的初步框架创立。这种既相互制约、又共同发展的模式开创了独立国家间实现真正团结的典范。 * i" h2 ]8 j1 r6 ]+ v9 y0 o 3 j+ P# @5 l {4 `, J) C; F& I, M 半个世纪间,欧洲一体化进程由浅入深,先易后难,为欧盟赢来史无前例的和平与富足。彻底告别分裂甚至敌对状态,成员国由六个发展到27个,一个拥有近五亿人口的共同市场建成,国民往来自由,约三亿人拥有了统一的货币,对外开始“用一个声音”说话。成为多极化世界的重要一极……5 D$ v( W+ {/ y3 P
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耀眼的成就不能掩饰问题的存在。在“知天命”之年,欧盟陷入了一种矛盾:一方面,因“知天命”而懂得“盛衰废兴之发端”的精英阶层,想带欧洲走得更远、更快、更好;而另一方面,相当多的普通民众却安于“天命”,沉湎于眼前的富足生活。 . P: j% i" n) W# L, W* f7 u& s, N# T1 {' L
面对有些心态迟暮的选民,欧盟的政治家们变得谨小慎微,欧洲一次次错失良机:2005年法国与荷兰两国的民众先后否决旨在确保欧盟有效运作以及欧洲一体化进程的《欧洲宪法条约》,导致一体化进程搁浅;旨在使欧盟成为世界上最具竞争力和最有活力知识经济体的《里斯本战略》,也因得不到成员国的响应而难见成效。 0 ~/ v3 r- m: h8 O7 C" r: Y, ~& ~, z8 n6 V
知天命,是自省和自新,是洗心革面以寻求新活力。值此《罗马条约》签署50周年之际,欧盟轮值主席、德国总理默克尔似乎信心满满。她说:“当务之急是进行我们一直忽略的调整。全世界都在变,欧洲为什么不能进行彻底的变革?”! D. ]6 d$ L" e/ i3 _( p
% z3 d [0 o2 ~: H7 q2 L 带着五十年的积累,带着对下一个青春的向往,带着启迪后人的希望,欧盟将继续前行。然而,如何拿捏到位,将大费思量。 4 b3 y) H8 e6 V" l " Y; c; u- J+ k- u & Z2 ^( n2 M# n0 q$ B4 T- q* |+ L% I8 S$ t$ A: i
8 p p5 u8 ?% O& t4 {5 P. a, a3月22日,欧盟在北京举行庆祝欧盟成立50周年新闻发布会。在中国的欧洲超市、宾馆、饭店及其他服务提供商将于3月25日欧盟50华诞前后提供打折商品和优惠服务。这是欧盟驻华大使赛日·安博(左)与欧盟轮值主席国德国大使史丹泽博士共同举起活动海报,上面的小金猪是专为在中国的庆祝活动设计的,因为2007年是中国的猪年。
! z2 }: O, x+ ]3 q/ b) f) ~ 捷克共和国:半马拉松赛跑 ! Y5 d% q# j& S1 O5 b" @. u# }
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丹麦:免费面包 + q, _6 q+ V: x& Q9 m; a
7 R1 j7 P9 n7 t, a r; ^8 A 爱沙尼亚:植树 . j8 K! A* |2 ^. R9 X: v4 @; L5 s4 f7 q2 W& G- {6 |$ |
芬兰:公众辩论 - l/ v c5 \; s/ s: r$ Y$ O
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法国:公映浪漫电影 : p1 l9 {$ z) N2 N, C7 _" Z
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德国:27家夜间俱乐部开放 8 f' ]2 D- A- R+ C6 X$ Z( E$ F; N. `: S0 I. }- b4 @
希腊:多媒体艺术展 1 h) G/ C; V8 @* t
1 ]1 R4 l: u5 s$ ]+ p, ? 匈牙利:通宵音乐会 ' v/ i' b8 U# I- [ ( ^: H& n* _5 @# V3 o$ x 爱尔兰共和国:为欧洲祈祷 $ M; f' N8 ^/ Q3 e1 Z" a
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意大利:27件艺术珍品展出 " m. Z0 B5 F7 o: Z- M
, v' Q- e! s3 `) G! m$ f9 Z 拉脱维亚:经典记录片献映 # R1 v; J5 o8 v _7 f i
" E2 u) W! O' W3 L, u9 R9 {3 B$ N( b! [; p 立陶宛:召开科学讨论会 & E8 l; f. q+ _5 s$ x* i2 J9 N
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卢森堡:组织圆形走步 ) ] J/ Q. |1 a+ D$ |5 v& ?$ m& g0 q0 F. B0 Y, G& O! u
马耳他:电影节开幕 , o0 h5 H/ o' Z# x8 ^ % u9 |# Z. W+ _# z, t# L+ J2 X( |- i; ^ 荷兰:提供教堂服务 / M* Y3 c' r6 |) ]1 b
) v) V1 o8 x6 v, F 波兰:召开学术大会 ; J3 x1 T+ r v$ E% g. U l: f 2 u, H/ k. F1 M& g 葡萄牙:召开当地音乐家音乐会 8 _# q- ~& v' B. T; d3 L
% d" e# l* F f$ S2 U 罗马尼亚:开通欧盟网络聊天室 * l) P, Q% r. C. ` Q 1 B) p( R8 {0 Q# X 斯洛伐克:召开学生大会 3 l+ d I' H( H7 Y0 V) n S
) E, P3 i2 j( b2 }' ^& z" M 斯洛文尼亚:组织跳伞活动 4 x( e8 I, o: q" q& _' O! N ; t. Q% V% e: i! I$ M. Z$ d- J9 B7 `, e 西班牙:拼出欧盟27国大型拼图 3 L3 d1 n/ O2 j% }( x % l/ b7 C6 |1 J; Q. X0 C 瑞典:召开欧洲研讨会 # k" T; z* K& c+ t) W9 B' o. b/ D! T) zMarch 20, 2007 ) W' k6 Y" ^* ] 5 t% N' _2 S, V6 t/ hKim Wilde – Belgium’s choice for the great EU 50th birthday bash8 ?9 G1 D# F1 m! b0 G$ B
# T- D+ t: F8 J9 v7 @' y, i; ~, zShe is most famous for singing about kids in America. Now Kim Wilde has been cast as a symbol of European unity. ' l9 w3 D* I6 E$ d; Q0 L L; ^# m9 a$ D) v5 fShe will star at an evening of veteran rock stars being offered to Belgians as a suitable way of marking the EU’s half century. If that appears a little incongruous as a way of marking the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome, there are further unexpected delights. ) p, x- G0 q+ i9 s* }0 p+ t! C
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Brussels, home of the European Commission and Parliament, will stage the open-air concert with a lineup of pop veterans including Nana Mouskouri — who in the 1990s was an MEP — and Wilde. Nick Boyles, Wilde’s agent, said that she was not being paid for her appearance and would sing two songs — her recently rereleased 1980s hit You Came as well as Together We Belong. 4 _6 C8 d+ b. V1 ~- x8 o 2 A! z7 ^( Q% g+ b6 q7 r“It is quite an appropriate title,” Mr Boyles said. “We are not being paid and she is delighted to be participating.” 7 n# D$ q, |" |- o
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In Ireland and the Netherlands, special EU prayers will be said in churches on Sunday, while in Luxembourg there will be an 8km EU walk taking in the birthplace of Robert Schuman, one of the founders of the EU. 3 O; |' V7 N2 K' g5 p
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Danes will mark the occasion with free buns. Estonians will plant trees. Czechs can run a half-marathon — and Cyprus has an open day at its local EU office. Slovenes will be treated to a parachute jump by sky-divers sporting the EU colours of blue and gold stars. In Madrid, students will build a “giant puzzle” of the 27 member countries. Malta is holding a firework display, a film festival, several concerts and even a European jobs fair. . ^/ A) b1 Y* p$ L; o
! ]$ f' x0 |) H, z, mSome countries appear to have planned their events with symbolism in mind. Luxembourg is staging a circular walk. Bulgaria, Finland and Slovakia are offering debates or conferences. But Sweden has not even tried to be subtle: it is holding a Europe seminar. 9 l9 {* c$ {0 E+ |$ g 4 @& T: P0 ]) r) t: |5 H0 MIt might be enough to have Swedes queueing to see Wilde, who since her 1980s heyday has turned herself into a celebrity gardener in Britain while maintaining a musical following in Europe, particularly Germany and Belgium. Last year a single spent nine weeks in the German top 100. 7 m' {0 o" ?& j. a* ]5 g; [: ?, ]* O' a$ m9 Q
France has tried harder than most, shooting a film to be shown on national television on Sunday. Nous nous sommes tant haïs ( How We Hated Each Other), a film about the reawakening of love between a Parisian barmaid and a former German officer who lost contact for five years after a wartime affair. The tear-jerking, European Commission-funded made-for-TV romance of Marie and Jörgen has become the latest vehicle for inspiring mass enthusiasm in the European Union. ' ` I! k8 J9 }' G : T; y$ q, q: \. b( [Their story, a heavy-handed allegory for the unification of Europe, starts when they rediscover each other on May 9, 1950, the day that Schuman, France’s Foreign Minister, called for a Franco-German coal and steel community. Jörgen is by now a journalist covering the momentous events and Marie a sultry barmaid with a 5-year-old boy. # c2 b6 f5 m& q/ X2 C6 H$ G5 m # e0 k5 F+ s! dNigel Farage, leader of the UK Independence Party, said that he was unlikely to watch the film. 6 z- W( P1 Q" C A! J8 |" S % q0 |) o* h, @ A“What nonsense,” he said. “Girls will fall for foreign soldiers with or without the European Union. The whole 50th anniversary party is a desperate attempt to show how delighted everybody is with the EU’s birthday — but the only ones who are really happy are those in its pay.” : L$ h- F4 x% N! [
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Plans for simultaneous dance festivals in every country were dropped because states said it reminded them of Soviet-style mass participation “fun”. + r6 X/ V+ n* u/ |' Z) c$ o; g2 d " A4 {& H* }1 yHow to celebrate 50 years of Europe' F5 r3 }" _2 i2 X1 A
5 Y9 r4 s. Z# d2 ~% a3 p0 l- DAustria: Young rock bands 2 V. ~: Z! y9 ^ i( S! A
" \0 r% |6 N% Y; O; kBelgium: Veteran pop stars 2 H' w, a4 a" l: w( c4 e( ~$ |
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Britain: Football match 0 z: y2 J; ?3 x/ N: W4 \ . W% w% `* C- G- R$ l2 `Bulgaria: University debates |0 P7 @ }: E' [% H ! S1 N; Z. T2 R# |4 K! HCyprus: EU office open day 0 U: l- Z& U# r
$ c! j# u% N! v+ s) B1 |' M42.欧盟给予欧洲各国更多(而非更少)的主权; # W6 R( a0 i; u8 ?: s4 W) S % o% \, l4 Y& s0 r" J# E, r43.成熟化的欧盟成为美国和中国权力的一个更为适当的平衡体; 2 h( l! t$ j d+ \: ^# ?% a + l) N- g0 j8 s/ v- N; \/ w) u44.欧洲移民加速了英国经济的增长; . T3 a- T2 y" Q& b* ^! x) d% W! t
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45.欧洲人掌握多种语言的人数不断增加--除了英国人; 2 z# h" a: r; m' D& b6 ~. \
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46.欧洲就如何更为恰当的资助国家卫生服务体系为英国树立了一个良好的榜样; 2 ^% v9 g; B: I) z6 \6 } ) H7 \ N" ?0 d. P5 I; j47.英国餐馆现在在全球分布更为广泛; - C" Y; k* i R$ M4 F8 q+ c' W 8 n; ]5 O" m7 f48.欧洲各职业专业人员移动性更高; 5 E' o$ B/ i: o; k G$ W0 S
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49.欧洲使得英国对食物和烹饪的观点发生革命性的变化; 8 O* a6 _5 Z _' K# V: s9 p) {8 k
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50.以上所列出的现象使得欧元怀疑论者发疯。 # }1 k# ]: x( p- m, X
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So, what has Europe ever done for us? Apart from... % E% a4 |6 G- w" Z
1. The end of war between European nations / q6 w$ x" M4 F2 o" J0 \7 L6 v 0 f5 v+ i" k" ~: P, N" BWhile rows between England, France and Germany have been a feature of EU summits, war between Europe's major powers is now unthinkable. The fact that the two world wars that shaped the last century now seem so remote is, in itself, tribute to a visionary project that has permanently changed the landscape. As the EU celebrates the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome it is clear that while the detailed topography will always be difficult to agree, it is an extraordinary achievement that we are standing on common ground. - w1 [9 a, W& s, l9 Q ; a6 Y( I' n* l# e* g5 Z: h2. Democracy is flourishing in 27 countries! c7 F6 s2 c5 ]8 a. m$ O! x
+ r: V! u6 E3 G! ]- OSpain, Portugal, Greece, and the EU's 10 ex-Communist countries are parliamentary democracies. None of these nations were truly free in the decades following the Second World War. Each is now a democracy anchored within the EU and is unlikely to change course. & A* D9 F+ C, p6 Q% F+ Q * U) f! W- ~8 y% m3. Once poor countries like Ireland, Greece and Portugal prospering' ~# G, }! @* ?' J" I& {
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EU subsidies well spent have been crucial to the lift-off of the Irish economy. Once firmly in Britain's economic shadow, the Celtic tiger has emerged. Gross domestic product per capita in Ireland in 2005 was 137.1 per cent of the EU average, compared to 116.8 per cent in the UK.7 o7 O" ~& W7 H/ x9 D" T
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4. The creation of the world's largest internal trading market r5 [8 I! W- Q I7 i" O ) t. O2 U Q2 S6 U5 K5 wThe 27-nation EU now around 500m people making it the world's largest economic trading bloc. By comparison the US has a population of around 300m. The old EU 25 had 19.2 per cent of the World's exports as compared with 14.4 per cent from the US. This gap is set to grow following the last enlargement in January to 27 member states.& {# ~1 r; c" e% F/ O, N, G. ~
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5. Shopping without frontiers has given consumers more power2 N4 D! Z: ^9 l1 {
8 i; p; M0 p1 `; U1 y2 n4 aEuropean consumers can buy goods for their own use in whichever EU country they choose - in person, on the internet, over the telephone, or by mail order - without paying additional taxes. This competition is driving down prices and increasing quality: @ z1 w& H! i }; @% U4 Z
5 V2 v$ r" i) s/ p) O/ e* d0 y: l5 ^6. Co-operation on continent-wide immigration policy ! H7 P( ?! r. C$ N: ? / Y7 P1 P" z* i9 g! N1 F: {4 tThough EU countries set immigration levels the EU is increasingly active in the fight against illegal migration and in trying to match the labour needs of European countries to the supply of migrants. On the downside, the EU is increasingly an impregnable fortress and many lose their lives trying to get here by boat from Africa " n& |5 y8 _5 D! V' T : t) p) Z+ B& R7. Crime-busting co-operation, through Europol K$ i6 w7 X5 n- ~2 R z
4 N+ _8 a7 d1 g/ F% ^This provides a clearing house for EU police forces. The police in EU member states can now use an EU arrest warrant to get suspects moved from one country to another where they will face serious charges without lengthy extradition procedures.1 h8 X d) @9 {& x( K6 }
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8. Laws which make it easier for British people to buy property in Europe 6 p$ `# H `( e8 [' H; h 3 P" S2 I0 \- L3 [2 EIt may not be good for the environment but access to second homes a short-haul flight away has fulfilled the dreams of millions of Britons. Retirement or regular holidays from the south of Spain to the east of Bulgaria has become a reality for many and a legally safeguarded one at that. + Q1 r: H3 {4 ?4 ~, w: i# @& S1 t8 v7 j5 f& z
9. Cleaner beaches and rivers throughout Europe 3 J" y5 V' e# x2 f # C6 X6 h a: |) jEU law and peer pressure - including annual reports - have forced the UK to clean up its act, for example bringing the once-dirty waters off Blackpool beach up to standard. The first EU legislation was passed in 1976 with two more pieces in 2002 and 2006. Now you can monitor the quality of bathing water by checking on a website. ; Q. } n2 x0 C. P, E ] 2 e7 M& a' T) j- v; [: W6 x10. Four weeks statutory paid holiday a year for workers in Europe " ~5 t. B4 R! @* I , ]( l1 ^1 e' E: K' c8 S6 ~" q; hThe EU Working Time Directive ensures that all Europeans get at least four weeks of paid holiday per year. In the US many workers get a fortnight. The same directive provides for 11 hours rest in every 24 and one day of rest per week plus a rest break if the working day is longer than six hours. Minimum standards are set for paid maternity and paternity leave. * [4 R0 { a0 h, R" Y2 z & g' D1 O6 V7 D11. No death penalty (incompatible with EU membership) 1 S: U$ i a( P$ p 6 |, r8 L% d( D3 uNo EU member state has the death penalty and reintroduction of capital punishment would not be compatible with EU membership. Even countries outside the EU are having to review their policies if they want to be considered for membership of the club, most notably Turkey. 9 }* Q; R/ V D2 B" a- P 6 j9 L6 o G0 R3 A! n- D12. Competition means cheaper phone calls+ _; R( t6 w. R( Y5 e8 a* b' V2 k
) C% t! [+ P- [" bSince the liberalisation of telecommunications in the 1980s loosened the grip of the monopolies, prices have plummeted. The European Commission says the cost of international calls in the EU has fallen by 80 per cent since 1984. ' B4 f" B D1 _8 k/ o @2 C 4 O1 I0 K2 f/ C- {4 D; e9 a13. Small EU bureaucracy (24,000 employees, fewer than the BBC)* k; P& c, N) _& S. S: [* k' W1 d0 `( \
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Despite the eurosceptic claims, the number of EU officials is surprisingly small. After the scandal of 1999 when the Brussels based European Commission resigned, strict new rules were imposed on spending. ) q- [+ h, l( d# g1 k9 T( W; ~9 J7 W. E) v
14. Making the French eat British beef again( P$ a7 A+ _/ C9 ]2 V+ a
- M* s7 \) H9 q( j n. @3 XWhen the BSE crisis subsided and British meat was judged safe, the European Court of Justice ordered France to resume imports. France contested the ruling but had no alternative in the end. By contrast, the US retains an embargo.' K% W( v' h6 k2 V" j- m
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15. Minority languages, like Irish, Welsh and Catalan recognised and protected4 O$ Q2 w# }% J$ S0 e
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Minority languages are gaining recognition. Be it Irish, Welsh or Catalan, minority languages are getting a greater role thanks to the EU which even has a Commissioner for Multilingualism. Irish became an official language of the EU this year. Catalans have lesser language rights because their tongue is official only in one part of Spain, their member states. The EU - with 23 official languages - is doing more to keep lesser tongues alive than some individual member states." B- C4 D& b; y( W( h! O2 o
/ ?" N8 y: |, c0 Y5 L8 u d16. Europe is helping to save the planet with regulatory cuts in CO2 0 [( _% S( J7 S% k8 T7 }9 J2 a7 E/ U8 C
The EU has announced the most ambitious targets for curbing carbon emissions, promising a cut of at least one-fifth on 1990 levels by 2020. Other parts of the world are being challenged to follow suit. The EU also has blazed a trail with its carbon emissions trading system which, despite teething troubles, is still a model for other parts of the world.2 E" Y3 r0 U5 z P4 P) j6 k
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17. One currency from Bantry to Berlin (but not Britain) 8 Y+ j4 e" J& n# e; z" X ; J( p( n6 g6 c* E, N/ kThe Euro is now the only real alternative to the dollar on the international stage. You can travel throughout 13 countries and use one currency. Slovenia became the 13th and latest nation to join the single currency this year. Several more nations have yet to meet the necessary criteria. ( l$ p% t3 d2 h. b: O * Z7 _% b; \, ?18. Europe wide bans on tyrants like Robert Mugabe* [6 c" {/ F7 m- H. z2 v' |
: P* W4 g/ S8 `+ Z& z) {Smart sanctions on the Zimbabwean President and his cronies have been negotiated through the EU and prevent those on a list from visiting all 27 nations. Though countries differ in the way they believe the EU should treat the government in Harare, they all agreed to renew the sanctions for another year. B, J! {6 K2 s; H" p2 h4 i, |$ v
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19. The EU gives twice as much aid to developing countries as the US- z7 M" C5 ^/ B& a( i9 _. Z# X9 P
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The European Union and its member states paid out more than
' z+ L! l: b9 R0 ~- ^) |, u2 pNeue Zwei-Euro-Münze ab Montag7 @% N' P) u. o' G1 s$ r
50 Jahre "Vertrag von Rom" und neue EU-Landkarte als Neuerungen - Auflage: Neun Millionen Stück . w; Y1 u" v2 I' r% P- T s( W! n2 l! Y& ~1 Z: o p5 j! p- v
Wien - Bitte, nicht erschrecken: Wer ab kommenden Montag (26. März) eine Zwei-Euro-Münze in seinem Geldbörsel findet, auf dem ein Buch, ein Stern und die Aufschrift "Vertrag von Rom - 50 Jahre" abgebildet sind, der kann diese ruhig ausgeben oder sammeln. Es handelt sich nämlich nicht um eine Fälschung, sondern um die neueste Euro-Ausgabe des Jahres 2007, auf dem auch die EU-Landkarte aktualisiert wurde. * s/ q' a5 ~8 G9 R- R. m
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Wie schon im Jahr 2005, als das Jubiläum "50 Jahre Staatsvertrag" die Rückseite der Zwei-Euro zierte, muss auch 2007 das Standard-Motiv mit Bertha von Suttner einem speziellen Anlass weichen. Mit dem Unterschied, dass es sich diesmal nicht um eine rein österreichische Ausgabe handelt, sondern um eine europaweite Gemeinschaftsaktion. % I) Q+ o6 Z7 V. A
0 }0 F# _% X# A! O& vDie nationalen Seiten der Münzen zeigen den am 25. März 1957 von den sechs Gründungsmitgliedern unterzeichneten Vertrag, der vor allem die Europäische Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (EWG) begründete, aus der später die Europäische Union wurde. Den Hintergrund bildet Michelangelos sternförmiges Bodenmosaik vom Capitols-Platz in Rom. Über dem Vertragswerk ist auf der Münze das Wort "Europa" in der jeweiligen Landessprache zu lesen. Oberhalb des Gesamtmotivs erscheinen der Ausgabeanlass, unterhalb das Ausgabeland in der jeweiligen Sprachfassung sowie die Jahreszahl 2007. d z$ Q- M- R" {4 ]
* D) T+ d6 V6 w0 B' X9 h% KErweiterte EU $ j" Q1 E5 H' ?$ P/ A7 @, G* p3 f ) C2 a9 }+ N' Y2 E9 jAußerdem tragen alle Zwei-Euro-Stücke bereits die neue gemeinsame Wertseite, die das um die Staaten Bulgarien und Rumänien erweiterte EU-Territorium als Landkarte zeigt. In Österreich und einigen anderen Ländern sind die modifizierten Kartendarstellungen sonst erst ab den Ausgaben 2008 vorgesehen. Die heimische Version der Jubiläumsausgabe wurde in einer Auflage von neun Millionen Stück geprägt. o0 J. ]9 s# G! l" `: Y
$ _2 W& N. A+ FEntstanden ist das Sieger-Motiv im Rahmen eines Design-Wettbewerbes in Wien, an dem neben österreichischen Künstlern auch Vertreter der spanischen, italienischen und französischen Münzstätten teilgenommen hatten. Übrigens: Mit dem neuen "Zweier" kann man selbstverständlich in allen Euro-Ländern bezahlen, auch an der Gültigkeit der bisherigen Zwei-Euro-Münzen ändert sich natürlich nichts. (APA)