3 G5 M( O; g+ b2 A4 H; j6 _! Z; v该遗址位于塞浦路斯首府尼科西亚西南约89公里处，考古学家认为这里原是一座面积达4000平方米的香水作坊。考古队队长贝尔焦诺说：「在发现这地方有多大时，我们都惊呆了。当时的香水生产一定达到了工业生产规模。」3 k) B* [6 q% ~! h8 M: y
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在这座古作坊里，考古学家至少发现了60个保存完好的蒸馏器具、香料搅拌碗、漏斗和香水瓶。这些器具在公元前约1850年一次剧烈的火山喷发后被湮没，直至这次才重见天日。3 p1 p" W$ I" e
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作为爱神阿芙罗狄蒂的出生地，大量香水的发现恰好与塞浦路斯的文化渊源相吻合。塞浦路斯文物机构的官员表示，有关爱神的许多神话都与香水有关，她巧妙地借助香水施展女性魅力。) Z5 Z$ k: i) f+ R
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这座古作坊散发著数种植物的混合香味。这些以希腊神话中女神们的名字命名的香水，萃取了数种天然植物混合而成。考古学家在一些石膏小瓶中发现了提取香料的植物，包括薰衣草、迷迭香以及橄榄油等。 6 t9 I" W5 I* | C% M2 { ' P* l' T3 M. U' @1 E K此番发现的香水现陈列在罗马卡比托奈山丘博物馆内。其中的4种香水已被科学家成功复制。 2 |3 }8 W& E) R. B6 ]/ W- T' C1 P3 G( i. X8 p) ]0 U3 u7 _
制作方法师从埃及人) B, l z( A5 I* o
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贝尔焦诺说，塞浦路斯人可能是从埃及人那里学到了制作香水的方法，因为当时两国关系密切。考古学家曾在一座古埃及的墓穴中发现过香水，这座墓穴被认为是公元前3000年前古埃及的一个皇族墓穴。在此发现的香水中混有植物油和动物油。) ~& n' o! o* L+ C* b7 E" O
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香水对于古人而言不仅可发挥吸引嗅觉的作用，还因为其中的芳香树脂具有医药效用，在宗教祭典和葬礼仪式中使用。除香水外，此番在塞浦路斯发现的古香水作坊中还发现有炼铜铺子、酒窖和橄榄油榨取坊等遗迹。 " L: y& ?" V. N8 u9 A$ p& o3 \. M 7 g6 T1 X' M" j" c; w5 ~: J; [" D千年香水秘方# Z/ m+ n0 }* X/ }1 Y8 f
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成分：薰衣草、迷迭香、松木、芫荽、欧芹、香柠檬、苦杏仁、月桂以及橄榄油等。2 H8 I8 j; o7 u7 f. q/ s; \
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制作方法：将碾碎的香草加进油和水里，再把混合物装进长颈小瓶中，最后将瓶子放在灰烬上烤１２小时。 $ P5 [/ {: u' H1 i9 F! [8 q + Z- G" a, p, I+ f. m; R0 \评价：9 r T k% L5 c
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「香水闻起来不错。」——女游客阿莱夏•阿凡纳塔 # H. T+ ?7 q5 q3 Y. ^$ u# B* c" m" U" P9 P2 Y' Q# P
「我能闻出有松脂味。」——参观者朱丽娅# p5 S: e' m2 S `, w: ?' R. i
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来源：信息时报 % ]% W/ T7 v& J" x; n+ V( ^" f1 D, s% Z2 k- K8 f6 t8 Z
4000-year-old perfumes found on Aphrodite's fabled island 5 s8 Q) G" m. S2 x: t+ Y" r2 eThe remains of ancient scents and bottles found on Cyprus have gone in display, writes Malcolm Moore. 8 j3 {) [* M' G6 h7 l4 b9 o- G/ N8 O5 U h$ q" B9 A. I4 ]6 t
ITALIAN archaeologists have found the world's oldest perfumes on Cyprus. , m) F" f0 b4 o/ i5 i ( |% ?. g- g( X3 IThe perfumes were scented with extracts of lavender, bay, rosemary, pine or coriander and kept in tiny translucent alabaster bottles. * T. p$ k0 ~) s# G- b5 [! G; A6 Q; h+ _: c- l4 B
The remaining traces found at Pyrgos, in the south of the island, are more than 4000 years old.* A3 H" z2 j. z- q( x+ _
$ M, _0 C5 j2 k6 m( e+ U9 j& l0 bThey were discovered inside what archaeologists believe was an 3995-square-metre perfume-making factory.! X# c) e5 G/ Z2 ^: X
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"We were astonished at how big the place was," the leader of the archaeological team, Maria Rosa Belgiorno, said. "Perfumes must have been produced on an industrial scale." 5 i& M: i( `- g t+ A& C# C5 q
At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were perfectly preserved at the site, which had been blanketed in earth after a violent earthquake about 1850BC. - K: S0 X+ S+ K+ r ' ^% U k8 a. {* R; CThe abundance of perfumes fits well with Cyprus' mythological status as the birthplace of Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love.! P& [- t- |5 k. H0 r( B& h+ S) ~5 c
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"The goddess' myth was strongly linked to the perfume she used to get what she wanted," the head of Cyprus' antiquities department, Pavlos Flourentzos, said. - X% O$ R* c2 `* M" q6 m4 H% B3 d$ A1 E$ g) j6 k
The finds are now on display at the Capitoline Museum in Rome.0 g& Y. t: c. j. T
6 y8 r7 k1 m" {9 ^# ^8 KFour of the perfumes have been re-created from residues found at the site. 4 N, N6 f& B9 q+ A! C ( S, V+ j- B- G' ^# }) G1 }An Italian foundation, which aims to re-create antique traditions, distilled them according to techniques described by Pliny the Elder, by grinding the herbs, adding them to oil and water, and burying them in a long-necked jug over hot embers for 12 hours.7 T1 O; W# V; c
% e- l, X9 L- S4 n/ {0 p( s"It smells good, but strong," museum visitor Alessia Affinata, 30, said. "I can smell the pine especially," said Giulia Occhi Villavecchia, 23. 8 M s% R' g+ {3 I: {2 _0 @1 V 4 X/ _: z% t7 b9 B5 @; JNeither was sure they would actually wear them.
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 90 http://rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de/bbs/attachment.php?aid=249682&k=e7770012e0446214c402a33b1a631b80&t=1778745607&sid=AlleGD
图片附件: [Fragments of ancient perfume jars found at Pyrgos, Cyprus.] perfumes.jpg (2007-3-24 10:10, 17.02 KB) / 下载次数 90