你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 . S5 \3 ]. |3 L/ I
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●智能汽车无人开 ; r7 e$ e& E; P; c L
3 E# i$ |2 q1 C) p 在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 3 n5 q8 i* v. e! A% b% L7 m, a5 N# L- A
德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” . M+ z. `* a# I6 z/ ]6 y& a' k @1 C/ H, O# V
Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 # d6 c! ~& m8 U8 T1 i a. l8 ^: N" d, U9 f9 x" M; a1 [ ●前后装了“两只眼” e9 c9 F+ G4 e& i7 j+ \7 j
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Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 1 o5 l: D8 C$ }6 d9 |
- I/ A# z; d+ B0 o' Q: C$ C' M 行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 0 i+ `# z- q3 j# n% L. }% Q% v9 R) O7 x1 ~, I2 a) _
隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 0 {" ?! O7 s, N* x) U' k
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除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 / i' l6 I: @ _, d
5 ?7 Q2 \+ X1 Z 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 ( W4 ?0 s. }- x% i9 z3 c' u/ G # ]8 G2 W: f5 T, y2 a3 @& S4 S 多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 , ~* q' o$ \4 O
3 V. t% ~. A( R. x1 M5 E8 M9 e4 h, D$ ` ●接受都市挑战 : q9 t, y% ~/ ^# a ( @7 _4 O) F+ W Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 ! f# f' U# P& j% g; q 9 W9 o7 A$ \3 O* D 今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 ) x% F. E' ?% R+ `/ x 4 Z% E* _, |! p/ k$ V( ` 2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。 , P; C* O. H( m2 h. c4 M+ W6 j 6 p1 d7 Q7 }* m, _8 U/ }+ s7 _/ T . ]1 F% W% _3 F5 nDriverless car goes on show in London* P3 g" X# p2 p( f% g. O# H5 r, K
7 \6 i( U7 V. Y' v. Z8 X' UA car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November. . j9 T5 m8 ]. o" u' @" M, f # z$ U* S; z# l: z @( o( |4 @, AThe Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres.1 X# f9 Y, x: K8 d2 ?) I! y
/ c+ q N9 `' W; e. [, ZAn on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. & s, b) R c* ~, x* x3 A( ?3 b7 ?# h; i
In November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. }" @" e& @; o: X
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"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said.% v! }7 ^/ C! E0 C0 }
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"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said., i) o6 b0 i! S! B% G6 M
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"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said.3 f/ S% N8 v; }' J4 F. }
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Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars. 3 w( Y# L# \$ H3 D, H. Z 3 M# S8 c( D9 w8 k0 N7 YAt a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.