你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 4 {; l! V8 e7 x: F' ]2 }. m6 a- {! N# c6 X, g" N) }% m2 `; M2 m
●智能汽车无人开 ( ^5 L. q5 f: W$ L( U4 P
/ Z% y, _1 P R0 d# r' U% d 在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 5 q0 s6 I5 y4 k% V0 E
/ K9 ~7 g* f% {* l$ }: v/ c3 a) Z 德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” - k( f4 Q7 L/ H k" ?# y ; R. W% e$ C* u; D+ A Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 . U. q' I$ G; t6 M3 F* n: _
/ E1 l+ ]& P* n X( Q; l% [ ●前后装了“两只眼” 2 i2 m* V8 Y7 k" T! Q E& J7 F2 g; Y+ G+ B: T8 U Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 ' e% ~# @' d3 l. |$ t3 w0 K6 S, w2 {
行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 / \. x# Z* r7 |1 T$ n4 ~, d9 S
隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 + M3 g7 x6 t; N; T P0 R% k/ T. b) I9 g
除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 ) r3 z1 C* G6 b9 p, W1 y( A1 j
; x' n# g- B8 J# h! W: t9 q9 m4 n4 |
最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 9 Q+ a# E% I9 G5 {, ?. y) K5 d( f
多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 - Q9 W* _6 e3 ^( v" R g # x- k: s3 c ~5 a7 R/ G V ●接受都市挑战 6 |7 e# d9 k) x
- |3 i7 V1 R6 i7 X0 y
Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 . r% u5 H* v5 a& {2 G% `& X1 d" @+ \# l" h- D3 i
今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 3 d) {' U" _5 [' Z6 O / G9 j3 u( Z; [) Q& h1 Y 2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。 : R! E7 C7 p1 S( k( Q) x! W) x+ V* V" I
$ y7 d7 N/ F, B9 G! B) ?. }
Driverless car goes on show in London ; ?, b* f1 e$ V9 n- M! `0 w# m! S C6 w( l* W
A car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November.' |* y& M! m# q0 P
+ F8 W: J( ~) `/ u( {; u+ o6 D
The Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres.) v$ H5 o1 A: P; O% Y# I2 n& x0 G( O {
7 t8 C( [9 E. E! C4 U, m. UAn on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London.* L# X. h2 w: d2 {
3 w' [& A9 q4 U# r! p
In November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America. : w# N2 e9 R& g9 s: z; c" P/ p/ q @1 l4 Z' |8 d
"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said.7 A* Y. J7 ^5 x' N* I1 l
! j/ {* l- s: M0 A1 J* K6 [$ I"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said.) |9 M" [, m7 s' {- C! ~9 F9 w
% h1 n2 v9 g5 S T9 P
"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said. 0 W4 ?) \! h3 z- w4 o; E. ~: m( r ?6 U( ]
Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars." |( Y) F" P, i% t7 \1 g
: W) R+ U! |; W0 V6 c5 y
At a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.