你是否曾想像过,有一天驾车上班的路上,不必再全神贯注地手把方向盘、脚踩刹车,而是悠闲地看报纸、喝茶或聊天,因为有全自动无人驾驶汽车载着你在车海中灵活穿行。如今,德国一家公司应用先进科技把无人驾驶汽车变成了现实。 3 z7 B$ ?$ R$ ~& u! I, |. b4 K
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●智能汽车无人开 " C" k; t$ Y2 j0 u( |1 p! t' X
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在无人驾驶技术研究方面位于世界前列的德国汉堡Ibeo公司研制的无人驾驶汽车,11日在英国伦敦科学博物馆与公众见面。这辆无人驾驶智能汽车经德国大众汽车公司生产的帕萨特2.0改装而成,外表看来与普通家庭汽车并无差别,但却可以在错综复杂的城市公路系统中无人驾驶。这归功于车内安装的无人驾驶设备,包括激光扫描仪、全球定位仪和智能计算机。 + C# V- T- I" V9 [& ^$ J
0 d t% E7 a! H5 @7 G* H0 e 德国Team Lux公司已将这种无人驾驶技术应用于家庭车型。“目前,无人驾驶汽车还不能合法上路,但它早晚能做到,”Team Lux公司工作人员弗尔克尔•威尔霍夫特说,“我们能将这种(无人驾驶)设备安装在家庭汽车上,这将使我们的社会更加安全。” 5 A5 Z* c& u. B % v7 h) n; c5 d7 o9 L9 q Ibeo公司发言人卡琳•迪普考特透露,Ibeo公司已经同全球几家主要汽车生产商,如大众、宝马、克莱斯勒等进行磋商,预计今年内能够投入生产。 [5 u7 ~' ~9 ^
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●前后装了“两只眼” 5 M% i- H; r. P6 V
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Ibeo公司发言人迪普考特向参观者介绍了这款无人驾驶汽车的先进之处。 ( K* O! r" @3 s+ @9 g
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行驶过程中,车内安装的全球定位仪随时获取汽车所在准确方位的信息数据。 ! i+ x& f2 S. H
2 [ C/ M% Q6 ~# P 隐藏在前灯和尾灯附近的激光扫描仪是汽车的“眼”,它们随时“观察”汽车周围约183米内的道路状况,构建三维道路模型。 + F$ k) @7 J" P! u/ }; s ) m/ K6 q5 \) m% v" k 除此之外,“眼”还能识别各种交通标识,如速度限制、红绿灯、车道划分、停靠点等,保证汽车在遵守交通规则的前提下安全行驶。 . J: i0 f/ A* \* u
" w1 q) t: p$ i8 f3 m! K 最后由无人驾驶汽车的“脑”———安装在汽车后备箱内的计算机,将两组数据汇合、分析,并根据结果向汽车传达相应的行驶命令。 ( ~0 g! r/ H0 q$ r8 L6 V4 ]
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多项先进科技确保这款无人驾驶汽车能够灵活换挡、加速、转弯、刹车甚至倒车。在茫茫车海和人海中,它能巧妙避开建筑、障碍物、其他车辆和行人,从容前行。 9 N" l) R0 d* C* {! f4 v0 k7 L ( T% W! j X" @ ●接受都市挑战 # i+ S5 a7 e7 _9 h# F; R ! H9 d f$ o9 }2 v1 k* |! H0 c Team Lux公司将携装有这种先进无人驾驶技术的汽车参加今年11月在美国举行的无人驾驶汽车拉力赛。 ( B! w( R% z1 K# a
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今年的比赛要求参赛汽车在美国某城市中心区行驶97公里,旨在考验无人驾驶汽车在错综复杂的城市交通系统下安全、快速行驶的能力。冠军将获得120万美元奖金。这一比赛由美国国防部高级研究计划局赞助,旨在为研发无人驾驶技术提供候选方案。比赛已分别于2005年和2003年举办两届。 ! h2 e( G9 @* v, k' |& ^& @
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2005年比赛在加利福尼亚州莫哈韦沙漠举行,4辆无人驾驶汽车成功穿越212公里崎岖路段到达终点。冠军“斯坦尼”还被着名《连线》杂志评为“最佳智能机器人”。8 z+ L9 J5 {4 g7 U8 I' ~* t
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4 i3 x# ~* x: X$ @$ H/ fDriverless car goes on show in London: i9 }' d& }$ m5 o% V
% b: T4 k5 k# {& qA car driven by a hi-tech ghost of laser sensors and computers has gone on exhibit in London, before it competes against other robot cars in the United States in November. 8 s4 h; p% N' J9 {( \: F! m 3 _) x' A' h+ U3 }The Volkswagen Passat 2.0 TDI drives using two eye-like laser sensors in the front and one in the back that scan road conditions, buildings, other vehicles and pedestrians over a range of up to 200 metres. 9 t" L9 @1 j- B' L# W S7 _ 6 F; \' x% v( D3 M" G' ]5 mAn on-board computer digests and acts on the information using software developed by the Hamburg, Germany-based Ibeo Automobile Sensor company, said company experts displaying the car at the Science Museum in London. * a6 K8 P$ U& Y" ? + g% y8 h9 G2 T4 l XIn November, the car will compete against other driverless vehicles in the third annual US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Urban Challenge over a 60-mile course in America.' N( \) M# ~: Y5 k
, w0 r9 _) ^+ K6 I" t+ o"We are competing against the world's best in terms of automobile technology," Ibeo chief executive Ulrich Lages said. ; R, J; e) ?# K4 w' B7 R5 n( W& m% {0 p! `
"Although we are a relatively small team and, unlike the big players, do not have a large budget, we believe we have a great chance at DARPA 2007," he said. : r8 c' ~$ { J3 s( R6 d; X 7 M7 o; t% x( C3 ^* B"Our innovative laser technology gives us a lead of several years over our prospective rivals, especially in the field of object and environmental detection," he said.) X6 \* |' p: H( u+ R3 @
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Christened LUX, the refitted Volkswagen that looks exactly like a standard road model is due to go into small-scale production next year and the firm hopes that its technology can eventually be used in production cars. 2 t0 y. U, Y3 Y. Y; h 5 s" }0 S' u* ^$ E2 L% HAt a conference in the US city of San Francisco in February, scientists predicted robot-driven cars could be shuttling humans around by the year 2030.