收入的增加和品位的改变在刺激着北京房地产业的繁荣。随着传统的四合院被有钱人抢占一空，北京的历史、文化和社区面临着消亡的危机。 + I" P5 K; t8 i& Y1 Z, v + Q+ Q+ y' J! G8 E" m! ]% R这座房子在北京旧城区一条潮湿的胡同里，刚刚翻修了一半，房顶还是个大洞。这里没有花园也没有池塘，直到不久之前还没有多少现代化设施。% f1 l+ h1 x c! T; [
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但就是这座老四合院，刚刚卖出了1.1亿元（约合1，420万美元、710万英镑）的高价，创造了北京居住用房的新纪录。北京正经历着一场奥运会前的房地产热潮，甚至让伦敦也相形见绌，伴随这场热潮的是收入的提高、品位的改变和不平等的增加，而这所房子正是这一切的最新体现。3 S& Z8 y0 S0 v$ S h( z
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一家房地产公司经理胡朝晖（音）说：“以前四合院人气没有这么高，主要是因为人们没有认识到它的价值和投资潜力。但是现在它们就非常特殊了。四合院都在中心地带，另外，它们的价格里不仅包括了使用价值，还包含了历史和文化价值。” & @5 T) L2 ~. ~/ |/ F$ A, _+ Z M & H- N ^- }5 l- [2 v f) z; D8 N3 K7 O g; _. S) d
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然而，批评家们指出，所谓的“保存”常常只是意味着拆掉老房子，然后依照传统样式盖一座新的。建筑家马岩松说：“现在的做法是在造假古董，这不好。胡同吸引了很多旅游者，但这里贫困的老住户要么就像主题公园里的演员，要么就被踢出去，让富人们得以买下这些房子。老北京的精神正在消亡。”4 h- [" ~9 a6 h6 ]/ ?/ |
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A threat to old Beijing# ]' ?( ^2 a$ R2 v; K9 n
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Rising incomes and changing tastes are fuelling a property boom in China’s capital. As traditional courtyard houses are snapped up by the wealthy, writes Jonathan Watts, critics fear a loss of history, culture and community. . q* m7 p/ H Q% E' m( T" [5 H" M6 d6 F7 u* H
In a dank alleyway in the old quarter of Beijing is a half-renovated house with a gaping hole where the roof should be. It has no garden or pool and had, until recently, only a few modern amenities. / `8 q- q2 \. t: s) s0 N$ E( c0 j% v! s8 w3 w
But this traditional courtyard home has just been sold for 110 million yuan (about $14.2 million, or £7.1 million) -- thought to be a record for a residential property in Beijing. It is the latest sign of rising incomes, changing tastes and growing inequality as the capital undergoes a pre-Olympic housing boom that puts even London in the shade. ! Y+ P* A% i4 C+ u" ^/ l
4 I, V( R! S! B1 ?- j9 ODespite government measures to cool growth, the Beijing housing sector has never been hotter. According to the local media, average prices in the city increased by almost 10% in February. Estate agents claim that many luxury homes have doubled in value in three years. $ r( e3 l2 j' P! n$ PUntil a few years ago, most speculators focused on modern apartments in inner-city tower blocks and new villas in the suburbs. But the record-breaking home is an old-style siheyuan (courtyard) in the downtown houhai (“back sea”) area of the city. ( b9 L+ u: t" P$ uWalled quadrangle residences were popular with the nobility and courtiers, but after the communist revolution of 1949, many were requisitioned and partitioned for families loyal to the new government. Often overcrowded and notorious for their smelly communal toilets and unsafe coal-fired boilers, many of these old neighbourhoods have been treated as slums by the authorities. In the race to modernise in time for next year’s Olympics, tens of thousands of homes have been demolished in the city’s old hutongalleyways. ! o U& a, Y: t, b) L* |0 z+ WIn the central area, only 3,000 courtyards remain, giving them a rarity value that has pushed up prices. The one just sold was particularly valuable because it is a huge property, ideal for modernisation, and close to the city’s liveliest lakeside entertainment district. : o( `5 S% y5 X: i& s% pEach of its 3,028 square metres sold for more than 36,000 yuan (over $4,600, or £2,300), more than double the price previously fetched by any home in the neighbourhood. The buyer remains anonymous, though local media have speculated that he is a coal-mine owner from Shaanxi province or a Russian billionaire. A: h* [. f" ?& p4 j4 d, yThe new owner will be in mixed company. While many Beijing siheyuan are still occupied by working-class families, others have been snapped up by wealthy foreigners, senior officials, contemporary artists and the new rich. Two years ago, media tycoon Rupert Murdoch reportedly was pressed into buying one for 30m yuan by his wife, Wendi Deng. 5 h/ c2 r9 p4 E+ G% I% o$ `Such purchases can be risky in a city where planners often requisition land for development. Last October, Beijing’s first courtyard auction was cancelled after an hour because wary bidders failed to meet even the reserve price of $225,000 (£113,000). But the passage of the nation’s first property law this year and state protection orders for hundreds of courtyards appear to have strengthened the market. ( K+ M' r* i2 g8 X“The reason courtyards were not that popular before is because people did not appreciate their value and potential for investment,” said Hu Chaohui, manager of a real-estate company. “But they are very special. They are rare and centrally located. In addition, their prices not only include the usage value but also the historical and cultural value.” 3 I9 X2 [" D+ |2 O3 ^3 nCritics say, however, that “conservation” often means knocking down an old building and replacing it with a structure in a traditional style. “The way now is to build fake old. It is not nice,” said Ma Yansong, an architect. “The hutongs attract many tourists. The poor, old residents are either like actors in a theme park or else they are kicked out so the rich can buy up the properties. The old community spirit is being lost.”
