本帖最后由 Ampelmann 于 2011-6-21 15:24 编辑 ' J8 l) R+ Z; c5 p I! O: }2 i a
7 u8 w/ M# Q3 j @8 p6 D
加州色情电影业压力重重 BBC中文网 记者艾德•巴特勒 Ed Butler * b: ?% P. } n' h2 k9 T, H( n
6 E2 D! d) F8 f2 {. ?
说到加州电影业，好莱坞并不是一枝独秀，这里也是世界色情电影之都。但是，BBC记者巴特勒说，色情电影业现在也面临重重压力：经济萧条的冲击、网上盗版的泛滥，和立法人对阵最终很有可能打败仗……2 b7 Z1 Y7 z$ n1 V( N, ^
; u% ?1 e0 a B- U- {( O4 T小雨淅淅沥沥。洛杉矶北部，在一间位于低层仓库内的制片厂的大门外，我停下车来。: c# X5 Z d* ]$ o2 E) J! J
2 e! N e, e" q4 Y" O. p! X
他们告诉我，直接来就行了，“看看我们是怎们办事儿的，很好玩。”; I' [7 {, M, \4 x( s
: L n5 Y7 @8 x& b8 `' k- i; Q' L 0 m; e' U4 F% ~- t; J8 h" J; Y5 s8 ~. C6 R# s$ {
4 e! j0 K7 j. z# A" `" a$ n' v" G1 t0 \7 U3 \6 i* e# t$ n- U4 s
" s; {3 O7 | J7 h! b
' H* e* K; c+ F( S, i, h& [我接着问，“那么，健康风险呢？你经常被感染吗”？ " `4 Q0 Z: n8 q. o; ~0 l" h+ B& L1 K6 M8 R/ C6 R" l, L7 N
她说，“也就是染上过一两次衣原体，还有淋病，除此之外，没什么大不了的。我们每个月都体检，得了病，赶紧吃药，然后就又能回去上班了。没问题。” & O4 E/ F% b, ~+ ~5 J) y6 k * G) x+ D- }. W' ^我看，宝碧人很“加州”。进一步说，整个色情电影业都有点“很加州”的意思。有执著的热情、反叛的心态，还有一点点自由主义者反抗压力的顽强。; Q& y: p% v$ Q$ {
& O; a. H7 K6 d; o. Z2 j$ y" y
1980年代，官司一直打到高等法院，色情电影在加州才得到了合法化的地位，正式与普通意义上的嫖娼卖淫划清了界限。+ Z* @3 t" l: O$ a/ P
不戴安全套的权利 ) d. i$ d/ |: N$ Y# e' [ 3 O7 g+ y% W% i# U现在，我遇到的许多人都说，不戴安全套的权利是宪法赋予的言论自由权利的一个关键部分，正如美国的立国之父指出的那样。 6 L2 I1 B2 X T9 P o; f! n 0 V$ m7 g: N2 a* Q: N* Y一名制片人告诉我，“如果你把我的演员都装在橡胶里面，作为艺术家，我还能怎样表述自我呢”？ 8 N+ C* N( G5 m* H% c3 P 0 G, n1 `2 p" F1 g我很难想象，法兰克林和杰弗逊起草《第一修正案》的时候，想到过戴不戴安全套的权利。 6 ]" C# o( I9 N2 \% Y' w5 v. R9 F% l( y- k) Z" S! ~* x+ f9 J# e
但是，我也很难想象，《星际迷航》的粉丝们排着长队去看皮克船长和“进取号”的船员们真刀真枪地“肉搏”。所以，我算老几呢？ ) V0 f) F% u0 y' [" s. o ; G- @& y+ Z& j$ k5 V; Q8 Q但是，当局非常坚决。建筑工人必须戴头盔，矿工必须戴口罩，色情演员也必须有适当的保护。. W7 t5 A* L' ?
) }0 h8 k3 \( i% A S P和加州的立法人对阵，色情电影业最终很有可能打败仗。除了罚款，色情电影业也面临着一些前任演员们提出的代价昂贵的法律诉讼。7 V. i- P2 ]- C/ E
! D9 s2 m) r) i9 g一些演员私下告诉我，他们盼着立法赶快生效。 * Q- g; X# c* b2 S4 A2 C i1 N( H2 d/ V. X( K
制片人说，这对雇员没有任何好处，只会迫使制片公司搬到海外、或者转移到地下去拍片。观众想看的，就一定能看得到。) O0 E0 R* t. B6 T- e' f: x! \% g4 D
. a2 o- H& U' k& l
宝碧也有同感。事实上，这也正是她开始脱衣服、准备开拍性爱场面之前说的告别词。 1 m z2 H& x/ k) l9 D- b6 M6 U( W U$ W* k3 ]: G$ z
我想，我看的已经够多了。我悄悄地离开拍摄现场，重新回到淅淅沥沥的小雨中……. ( F" @1 ~) N1 C& v9 b% A: R( ^ # g3 o1 b# ^3 z4 G8 B4 |3 U" S: m$ `; P8 M. P" ^& \" @8 H
Californian porn industry's 'perfect storm' of troubles 7 b7 R% r% A" M" j
" n9 b+ }$ A: j9 k& s
California's adult movie business is under pressure - internet piracy and the economic downturn have slashed revenues, while state regulators seem set to win their long battle to make actors wear condoms. & F: `: m! }2 j7 t 0 q9 X! W% \; u3 N% SLight drizzle was falling as I pulled my car up outside a low-rise warehouse studio in northern Los Angeles. 3 |' p! P/ C0 P+ ~8 ?# ~" ^/ \; F0 t) [; b' ?& q! P
I had been told just to pitch up - it would be fun, they had said, to see how we do things. * e; n9 N9 I6 X) k1 O! j/ e& ^. e) y& M. Z! m9 k4 @
What I did see at first did not quite match my expectations but then again, I was not quite sure what to expect. ) F# {( e6 f) s4 X' k! v# ?6 f! b g
The porn shoot was Star Trek, the Next Generation - a triple-X parody, billed as a humorous tribute to the iconic TV space saga. ( C6 _* r% M' g! m7 D 7 U) T6 k1 Z* u# N6 d( _Performers in body-hugging Star Trek outfits, some with prosthetic noses to resemble aliens, wandered around looking slightly bored as a weary crew worried over lighting arrangements. 9 m% t( h0 v! B 6 q, _2 P$ S' x8 p J# HThis morning was devoted to dialogue, I was told, although - as Sam, the film's artistically minded writer-director, explained to me with clear regret - there was not too much of that to be had. 6 c5 Y; q3 L. G0 N& L $ | S9 E) z3 Z- `5 gOnly 30 minutes of this two-hour sex film would involve plot, he sighed.3 M* S' V5 }, A* u& }
# t6 V, H$ b2 d- f( FFantasy , C( x5 D0 X( v ' l" G4 K, Q, ~The demands of porn may not allow Sam to be the groundbreaking film-maker he clearly aspires to be, but at least there are films to be made.% t1 R# w+ I( {5 @' _' z
6 F" e4 d0 j8 }, ]2 n
The problem, increasingly, is revenue. * K, Z: c5 M7 J/ a9 F5 |4 q" V6 J: h0 q ) t0 w0 d3 ?/ k% }Like the music industry, pornographers are struggling to persuade their audience to pay for what they watch. i8 O6 D1 d0 a* Y V
; j. B2 W$ K2 k' R4 NDVD sales have collapsed. Online, a great deal of porn can be accessed for free.0 r" `+ O {5 z7 a. u, f
8 `* O( p" I% L* y0 w" J: j8 ~
And the economic downturn does not help. . L/ ^+ K0 _+ b v% G, V; k( c! V8 W5 }3 u/ ?
"What with the recession and piracy, we call it the perfect storm," one leading producer observed wistfully. 8 D) w8 ?, h) \2 ~" O; |* \. m6 I 5 ]+ a+ a& E; j* _; o1 m) HThe economic climate also means the industry is even less keen to accept California's increasingly stringent workplace regulations. # X# D! j' C. F% l; D * u8 t: o' v5 ]2 L0 e8 N! G) oFor years, the authorities have been demanding that porn performers wear condoms. @( _4 X" l! I g, o. l# [3 X0 S. ~+ X+ n1 x
Health scares - most notoriously in 2004 when three actors contracted HIV - have highlighted significant levels of infection on set. t3 D. m+ f: y
$ O% ?' T' ?0 LBut the industry says wearing condoms on-screen is a turn-off. The public do not want it, it will kill the fantasy, they say., i' E% w" y- M( L
" W Q( P9 @" Q+ h7 R& mGonorrhoea* N. e9 p |1 J
" `# j5 ?0 f3 a& U
Back on the Star Trek set, I talked to Bobbi Starr, one of the lead performers. ( a' u/ w; X. S. i" v9 A0 T0 N- {' u1 M
A college graduate, a former national standard swimmer and professional oboist, she seems to have packed a lot into her 27 years.) D' R! U; l$ [8 a9 _7 y9 X
# _4 T( u" y) z2 t8 H2 s6 ~" r1 cShe turned to porn, she said, out of a sense of sexual adventure. " ?3 E5 y% g% p" F/ ^9 y6 X9 l2 B' o" ?' W8 p! ^: Z. t
"It's just fun," she said, "and when everyone around you is having fun too, what's not to love?"( ^ I p+ M: ~# C9 m8 L
2 b. B$ x& j- t2 r" J/ dHer packed schedule today involved a couple of lines, then a four-hour sex scene. Then a costume fitting on Tuesday and she was off to have her monthly health test after that.& Q* P4 \0 z& h6 h
4 z" @: ~( q$ @& M) \Each day would be 15 hours long. 5 z& O$ G2 f: Z! z ( s% s$ n8 j+ Q {+ z"Wow, you must be exhausted?" I suggested. 4 r3 K) j1 u! T) ?1 O2 ?+ X # u# L# y% b; v/ g! L"You get used to it," she smiled.3 C* F7 R) |, Z+ r6 ]( Q- d
. q( N* Q. ?* u1 o9 P; Q$ B* O
"And what about the health risks," I asked. "Have you had many infections?" 1 R2 i+ p. @0 V & ^: f4 O: r" h6 k4 o2 n8 A"Well, just chlamydia a couple of times, gonorrhoea - nothing much. Anyway, we test each month so, when you're diagnosed, you just take your medication and you're good to go. No problem." 8 B- T$ m2 _, }' N + r1 z. }/ A/ @There was something very Californian about Bobbi, I decided. z" h+ C* E j# Y; Q1 V$ a( b7 e$ T4 Q7 X( g" o! v
Expensive lawsuits$ V1 F D1 ^; @- c- n: j5 z0 K
|. z1 T# o9 t/ f m
In fact there was something very Californian about the entire business. & d: U1 |8 r/ m& T6 w0 a) ]& u0 P9 T6 K" ~5 s* `
A combination of determined enthusiasm, combined with a rebel attitude, a sort of libertarian defiance towards the forces ranged against it. * z$ k9 J0 P2 [) A " U% Z& c& t5 ?5 ?9 Q; r$ q CIt had taken a Supreme Court battle back in the 1980s to make porn legal in California in the first place, formally distinguishing it from common-or-garden prostitution.1 }! Y) r# o* [! p2 e3 V% K, ^
& g) R. K2 n) Q2 f/ x
Now, many I met spoke of the right not to wear condoms as a key aspect of their constitutional right to free speech, as set out by the Founding Fathers.) H$ j b W& n! U7 I
; C; @2 S2 L) N+ O/ _& [% H: F"How can I express myself as an artist," one producer said to me, "if you're going to clothe my performers in rubber?" 9 W7 v# ?6 f) d$ u6 O . v# a# \$ _+ M4 QI struggled to picture Benjamin Franklin or Thomas Jefferson having this in mind as they penned the First Amendment.) M6 o9 {4 u+ q# W
- Y( p6 J8 V, m" zBut then I also struggled to picture hordes of Star Trek fans queuing up to see Captain Jean-Luc Picard going hard-core with the crew of the Star Trek Enterprise. So what did I know? 5 b: N/ P3 M" ?5 R* B6 m- {# {5 m2 N, M8 r0 W9 D: A
The authorities though are adamant. Construction workers wear hard hats, miners wear masks - these actors have to have suitable barrier protection.& ] z, x9 D: I9 s0 h) N% \
! ^; J" g7 g* y( @5 ^
It seems likely that porn will eventually lose its battle against the California regulators, not least because - as well as state penalties - the industry could be about to face some very expensive lawsuits brought by former performers.* b# h$ ~! K* |! |+ m' a
. g. x1 G! k( y. c& g1 q- A. @$ B/ X4 g
A number of actors told me privately that regulation could not come soon enough for them.' [- X) b9 V' ~% O$ a, U
$ v' K4 ^/ a+ i0 `) x. e# M b
The producers say this will not help workers but will only force production abroad, or underground - the public always gets what the public wants. " B+ b, t6 J$ Z) m6 d$ Q7 Q7 Q4 F( o) I' X4 G
That view was echoed by Bobbi Starr - her parting words, in fact, as she began to disrobe for her epic sex scene. 0 `; i+ P! @! ^. d/ s/ H* O! T( s( a! X+ J6 B3 l. \+ i
I decided I had seen enough and slipped back out into the rain.# q( n! l( R+ O) a/ h" h
# F) Q$ b/ ?, m6 W0 w4 b0 v - y* q! S. E8 z! Y# O7 M% e) Z ' z: ]2 X5 ^3 P; L- r1 }- w$ `2 h% W3 q# t z) H4 t! a
Calls for greater safety increased after actors tested positive for HIV in 2004
1 t0 \7 U3 \6 i* e# t$ n- U4 s
- w$ `2 h% W3 q# t z) H4 t! a