[国际新闻] 多数人反对「文明冲突论」

日月光

据英国广播公司（ＢＢＣ）１９日公布的一项在全球２７个国家展开的民意调查结果显示，大多数受访者不认同「文明冲突论」，认为世界没有陷入导致西方文明和伊斯兰文明之间发生暴力冲突的「文明冲突」。
( n- v/ \" h9 |0 g# ?9 R* p2 v. Y; Crs238848.rs.hosteurope.de美国学者塞缪尔﹒亨廷顿１９９６年在《文明的冲突》一书中首次提出即将发生文明冲突这一概念，并指出，这种冲突更可能发生在西方文明与伊斯兰文明之间。这一观点近年来遭到全球众多学者的批判。人在德国 社区9 a2 C  y5 V* [' W$ U) [
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英国广播公司世界新闻栏目就这一问题自去年１１月至今年１月间对世界２７个国家的２．８万多人展开调查，每个国家有大约１０００人参与，误差率为２．５％至４％。
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民调结果显示，５２％的受访者认为，西方和伊斯兰世界关系紧张的原因在于政治权力和利益矛盾，只有２９％的受访者认为，宗教和文化差异是造成这一现象的根本原因。多数受访者认为，西方世界和伊斯兰世界的冲突并非不可避免，５６％的受访者认为，双方「可以找到共同点」，只有２８％的受访者认为双方冲突不可避免。! t( k8 }6 K# |9 u7 m6 o& z

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+ E. d1 ], v: _+ Y3 D+ C7 S'Politics causes divide between Islam and West'
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" E8 {7 F2 ?! y8 x. f2 iThe sharp division in the attitudes of Muslim and non-Muslim nations was laid bare by new research published yesterday., m/ v3 j  v5 C6 F3 i6 P& J$ `. @
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An international survey conducted for the BBC World Service also indicated that a global majority believes tensions between the West and Islam are rooted in politics rather than religion.
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# ^7 L* V  |( n- Y/ aA majority of respondents in Indonesia, the world's most populous Muslim nation, stated that a clash of civilisations with Islam was inevitable, while India, the country with the biggest Islamic minority, returned the lowest support for peaceful co-existence.
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+ O" T, [% u. s" s6 XRespondents in America - a country hated by extremists who consider it the leading oppressor of Muslims - were among the most tolerant and hopeful of the nationals polled.
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When approximately 1,000 people in each of the 27 countries polled were asked to choose between politics or religion as the primary source of Muslim resentment of non-believers, 52 per cent chose political differences while 29 per cent chose religious divisions.
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The responses in nations as diverse as America, Britain, China, India, Indonesia and Egypt demonstrated wide variations, both between Muslims and non-Muslims as well as inside nations, particularly those with substantial religious divisions.
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: ]0 V! c1 i6 jThe proportion of Muslims who believed that there will be a violent clash of civilisations between Muslims and the rest was 35 per cent, a significantly higher figure than the 27 per cent of Christians subscribing to the proposition.
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The starkest figure to emerge was that 51 per cent of Indonesians agreed conflict between Islam and the rest is inevitable. No less troubling was data from India, which has the largest Muslim minority, that showed only 35 per cent thought Muslims could co-exist with infidels.rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de& E; ?: N- f- F

* [! x4 w1 X: c4 s! \& EGermany, which has a substantial Turkish and Kurdish minority, ranked as the gloomiest nation in Europe - 39 per cent said violent conflict is inevitable. On the other hand Italy which has a long history as a bastion of Christianity, was Europe's most optimistic as 78 per cent said common ground could be achieved. Britain followed close behind with 77 per cent.
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* l7 x7 C; K, l) h  dSignificantly the pollsters failed to canvas opinions in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iraq or Iran, nations at the heart of tensions between the West and Islam.
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2 g: @# a' q$ ~  [+ V. MThe figures generated a heated debate on the BBC website. Janet Shaw from Romford pointed out the basic grievance shared by both sides: "Any group of people who wish to inflict their religion, culture or way of life upon another group of people who have their own culture, religion or way of life is bound to cause conflict."