ZT 英国查尔斯王子：孟买棚户区是全球城镇的模范

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查尔斯王子说，电影《贫民窟里的百万富翁》中所精选的孟买达拉维贫民窟，为发展中国家提供了一种比西方建筑更好的、让激增的城镇人口可以居住的方法。
　　英国王子查尔斯说，达拉维——印度孟买的这所贫民窟，在它520英亩的土地上，居然塞进了约有600,000个居民，因此，从环境和从社会角度上来看，可以认为，在当前世界城市人口越来越多的情况下，它似乎有望成为一个能长期居住的居民区。该地区混居各色居民。它意味着，“在那里，有一个潜在而又直观的住房设计原理，那就是，可以完全不用平板砖块，而在世界各地建造出像‘仓库’一样的住房，让穷人们来居住。”
　　王子的意见很可能会被认为是对西方建筑开发商的批评。因为在所制订出的大规模的建筑规划里，这些开发商通常只是想把高层建筑提供给发展中国家。他们促使孟买贫民窟的居民竭力抗议那些把他们刻画成为“狗”的所谓“贫民窟里的百万富翁”，并促使当地的居民起来反抗，同那些为了盖摩天大楼而要拆除他们家园的人，作激烈的斗争。
　　圣詹姆斯宫内，王子在由他的建筑环境基金会所组织的会议上发表了讲话。他说，慈善机构正在试图让那里的居民迁往塞拉利昂的弗里敦、牙买加的金斯敦，和受到卡特里娜飓风袭击的新奥尔良贫困地区新设计出来的贫民窟里。
　　王子曾在2003年访问过达拉维，并曾说过，与传统的居住地相比，达拉维能带来更持久的利益。
　　他警告人们说，当前全世界所有的居民中，城市人口占50 ％，到2050年，将飞速地增加到70 ％。密集的城市人口，只能依靠发展城市建设，而不是依靠“单一的全球化”，如此方能够在没有社会和环境的灾难性后果的前提下，找到容身之所。
　　他告诉那些城市规划者、慈善工作者和政府官员们：“我强烈地感觉到，西方可以从那些物质条件很低、生活方式却很丰富的地方，学到很多东西，因为它们已能自己组建完善的社区。”
　　“可能的情况是，在几年的时间内，我们将会察觉到，在我们所面临的挑战前，这样的社区准备得最好，因为它们有着内置抗灾的毅力和真正持久的生活方式。”
　　他与印度全国贫民窟居民联合会的创始人乔金· 阿浦森共用了一个网络平台，以打击那些准备把大部分达拉维地区清除干净，而代之以23层公寓的外国投资者。他引用了丹尼博·伊尔的电影里的一句话：“我是贫民窟里的一个居民，而不是一条狗。”
　　“许多发展中国家希望把西方作为一种发展模式，但实际上，西方不能成为发展中国家的模式。这些西方建筑物消耗过多的能源，这不是我们所能负担得起的。印度的人口膨胀已经很难控制，指望来自西方的模式来帮助我们，是错误的。”

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Eminem 发表于 2009-4-7 19:33

http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/feb/06/prince-charles-slum-comments

Charles declares Mumbai shanty town model for the world
Robert Booth
The Guardian, Friday 6 February 2009

Dwellers go about their daily routine in the Dharavi slum in Mumbai. Photograph: Daniel Berehulak/Getty Images
The Mumbai shanty town featured in the film Slumdog Millionaire offers a better model than does western architecture for ways to house a booming urban population in the developing world, Prince Charles said yesterday.
Dharavi, a Mumbai slum where 600,000 residents are crammed into 520 acres, contains the attributes for environmentally and socially sustainable settlements for the world's increasingly urban population, he said. The district's use of local materials, its walkable neighbourhoods, and mix of employment and housing add up to "an underlying intuitive grammar of design that is totally absent from the faceless slab blocks that are still being built around the world to 'warehouse' the poor".
The prince's comments are likely to be seen as a criticism of western developers who export plans for large-scale, often high-rise buildings to developing countries. They will also come as a boost for residents of the Mumbai slums who protested against Slumdog Millionaire for characterising them as "dogs" and fought attempts to demolish their homes to make way for skyscrapers.
The prince was addressing a conference at St James's Palace organised by his Foundation for the Built Environment. The charity is attempting to involve local people in the redesign of slum areas in Freetown in Sierra Leone, Kingston in Jamaica and impoverished areas of New Orleans which were hit by Hurricane Katrina.
The prince, who visited Dharavi in 2003, said the adaptation of traditional settlements would deliver "more durable gains than those delivered through the present brutal and insensitive process of globalisation that is shaping so many aspects of how we live".
He warned that a soaring urban population - rising from 50% of all the world's inhabitants today to 70% by 2050 - could only be accommodated without disastrous social and environmental consequences by developing local urban design rather than "a single monoculture of globalisation".
"I strongly believe that the west has much to learn from societies and places which, while sometimes poorer in material terms are infinitely richer in the ways in which they live and organise themselves as communities," he told planners, charity workers and government officials.
"It may be the case that in a few years' time such communities will be perceived as best equipped to face the challenges that confront us because they have a built-in resilience and genuinely durable ways of living."
He shared a platform with Jockin Arputham, founder of the National Slum Dwellers Federation of India, who attacked attempts by foreign investors to clear large parts of Dharavi and replace them with 23-storey apartments. "I am a slum dweller, not a slumdog," he said, in reference to Danny Boyle's film.
"Many developing countries look to the west as a model but that cannot be the model. These [western] buildings use too much power and would not be affordable for us. In India the population has gone beyond all control and it is wrong to expect western development to help us."

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