[中国新闻] 中国经济：与公牛赛跑

外媒：中国经济实力赶上美国至少需10年6 d# q5 Z  l0 M0 P& z% p! F; x+ S
2010年08月19日 14:15 来源：中新社黄瑞$ t; l6 M8 r" e( _* k* o9 y

: b6 W& [# M' ?% @2 r' l9 _4 g; D
中新社北京8月19日电 (黄瑞)2010年第2季度中国GDP超越日本的消息一经公布，迅即引起西方媒体对中国未来经济走向的广泛讨论。华尔街日报称，以现在的经济增长速度，中国仍需要10年甚至更长的时间，赶上美国世界第一的经济地位。

　　华尔街日报一篇题为《中国产量赶超日本》的报道分析，尽管中国有望在今年全年GDP总量上超过日本，成为世界第二大经济体，然中国全年约5万亿美元的经济总量与美国将近15万亿美元的经济总量之间，仍存在巨大的差距。
人在德国社区! S+ D" N1 j8 n7 D/ v9 Y
　　英国金融时报分析了中国经济面临的严重问题，并称这些问题却被外界所忽视。在其刊登的《中国的跳跃预示着世界权利之转移》报道援引中国社科院金融发展研究中心主任易宪容评论说，当我们谈及中国经济时，应该避免高估中国的力量；中国存在巨大的贫富差距和地区发展不平衡，若这些问题无法得到解决，中国GDP的高速增长将失去意义。
rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de: y8 Z) m3 N' X4 v* t8 u" L8 [0 K! I
　　在路透社的评论文章《与公牛赛跑：对2020年中国经济的乐观看法》里，澳大利亚国立大学经济学教授罗斯·加诺特对中国经济的未来作出了积极判断。他说，中国将进入一个更高质量的经济增长期，尤其是在中国廉价劳动力无限供应已成为历史的情况下。
0 y: Q# I: F, H, o8 R$ u- A$ ^( ~6 }
　　金融时报表示，当GDP排名上升为中国带来更多外界审视之际、当世界对中国在国际舞台上承担责任有更多期待之时，如何确立与其他地区之间的关系，对中国政府来说至关重要。
　　华尔街日报分析了中国现阶段采取的对外战略。为了巩固自身的国际地位、避免令周边国家感到受威胁，中国已开始强调“和平崛起”，并积极拓展文化交流领域。
rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de) M8 w0 d8 p# q: b8 T% V4 ?/ m) E
　　比较中国与日本的经济发展，金融时报指出，在更为重要的购买力方面，中国在近十年前已超过日本，而中国的季度GDP总值超过日本，则更多的与汇率及统计方法有关；为了说明这点，经济学家会告诉你，两个国家使用相同材料和人工，建造一样的房屋，日本创造的国内生产总值是中国的3倍，原因在于日本所花费的一切成本均比中国高出很多。rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de. R, Y) z7 b/ A$ |. _% S1 R! s

（责任编辑：杨海洋）/ b, j/ P  |; Q0 T: L6 ~
! h( g! t2 @% y* n
Running with the bulls: A rosy view of China in 2020  Source : Reuters
' j) ?( f1 e. \& u+ o; v
BEIJING: By 2020, China is entering its fifth decade of sustained growth. The trade surpluses that used to strain the global economy have shrunk into insignificance as the Middle Kingdom's consumption steadily grows.

A productive workforce is much better paid, lancing the boil of a widening income gap. Purchasing power has surged thanks to a stronger yuan. Beijing is a leader in improving energy efficiency.

Let's leave aside worries of a property bubble and a new crop of bad loans. Forget the spectre of protectionism.

After investors' bearish reaction last week to a moderate slowdown in economic growth in July, it's time to make again the unabashed long-term bullish case for China. $ c5 K) P6 X- _" n
+ d5 F" J, w/ \1 q3 O. z
Ross Garnaut, an economics professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, is among those confident that China is about to enter an era of higher-quality growth, not least because demographics dictate that unlimited supplies of cheap labour will soon be a thing of the past. " r2 B1 I+ v2 s. n6 p4 ?+ z
  ]2 l$ G2 E8 ~& K; [
First and foremost, there will be large and continuing increases in real wages and in the wage share of income, Garnaut wrote in the East Asia Forum, an online newsletter. 5 a5 v4 g" X7 t& _7 W! G- k
人在德国社区2 p! u9 w% z# d: a
This is critical. Pay has risen briskly in China, but profits and the government's share of national income have risen even faster, squeezing workers. 6 D) J: Z) g6 y

"The powerful tendency since the 1980s towards increased inequality in income distribution is likely to be reversed," Garnaut wrote. # [7 e4 V% s$ f( n( ?! C7 o
( ?- n4 z4 D" [6 W; }6 V- L- G& h
In this virtuous circle, spending will rise and the national savings rate will fall, thus reducing China's external surpluses and easing tensions with Beijing's trading partners. rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de9 |+ z% A! H, @/ @0 C+ |/ L

Garnaut said there was no basis for assuming that a shrinking workforce, which is set to contract from around 2015, would dent the productivity gains; the economy could keep expanding at close to the near double-digit average of the past 30 years of market reform. rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de3 X3 X4 x  c& B+ x$ B0 d. J
: D% f( }. F! {. a
That headlong growth catapulted China past Japan last quarter to become the world's second-largest economy, according to an estimate on Monday by Japan's Cabinet Office.
: `* j" v* p9 p
Urbanisation, development of the interior and investment in a low-carbon economy will sustain growth at more than 9 per cent in the coming decade, according to Li Daokui, an economics professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing.
% M; O- L* k3 W( f6 d' {7 O
China, Lie said, is set to enjoy a "golden period".
rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de. }# ~7 G8 b' }5 J
If he's right, the consequences for the rest of the world will be far-reaching. 人在德国社区6 x( {: x' S2 M+ i8 r+ z: v: S

International Monetary Fund economists Vivek Arora and Athanasios Vamvakidis calculate that, over the last two decades, a per centage point extra Chinese growth is correlated with an average rise of 0.5 percentage point in other countries' growth. 人在德国社区7 J8 G, I' c$ E+ A
. I: x. K. c# U3 K1 o2 D; H
"Moreover, while China's spillovers initially only mattered for neighbouring countries, the importance of distance has diminished over time," they wrote in a working paper. 3 m" R2 J4 k& ]% a+ f5 [
, h% u* {: x6 V, q& V) m
Garnaut reckons even richer vistas could open up for the likes of India as China's comparative advantage shifts to technologically complex goods from simple manufactures.

Think high-speed trains, not plastic toys.