[中国新闻] 中国经济：与公牛赛跑

外媒：中国经济实力赶上美国至少需10年
2010年08月19日 14:15 来源：中新社黄瑞. h0 ?- |$ _4 t4 K, I* ~

中新社北京8月19日电 (黄瑞)2010年第2季度中国GDP超越日本的消息一经公布，迅即引起西方媒体对中国未来经济走向的广泛讨论。华尔街日报称，以现在的经济增长速度，中国仍需要10年甚至更长的时间，赶上美国世界第一的经济地位。/ U4 l( ?9 ]3 e+ X% @( W( U# C& x

　　华尔街日报一篇题为《中国产量赶超日本》的报道分析，尽管中国有望在今年全年GDP总量上超过日本，成为世界第二大经济体，然中国全年约5万亿美元的经济总量与美国将近15万亿美元的经济总量之间，仍存在巨大的差距。
6 z5 R* A7 T" R- O" }2 _/ L
　　英国金融时报分析了中国经济面临的严重问题，并称这些问题却被外界所忽视。在其刊登的《中国的跳跃预示着世界权利之转移》报道援引中国社科院金融发展研究中心主任易宪容评论说，当我们谈及中国经济时，应该避免高估中国的力量；中国存在巨大的贫富差距和地区发展不平衡，若这些问题无法得到解决，中国GDP的高速增长将失去意义。! v9 r# p7 J  J4 W, `! i' N$ H

　　在路透社的评论文章《与公牛赛跑：对2020年中国经济的乐观看法》里，澳大利亚国立大学经济学教授罗斯·加诺特对中国经济的未来作出了积极判断。他说，中国将进入一个更高质量的经济增长期，尤其是在中国廉价劳动力无限供应已成为历史的情况下。9 ^( D9 n0 h9 q/ M! @2 Q

　　金融时报表示，当GDP排名上升为中国带来更多外界审视之际、当世界对中国在国际舞台上承担责任有更多期待之时，如何确立与其他地区之间的关系，对中国政府来说至关重要。- C+ C7 F" _, z* I8 w9 c- u& @5 ]
　　华尔街日报分析了中国现阶段采取的对外战略。为了巩固自身的国际地位、避免令周边国家感到受威胁，中国已开始强调“和平崛起”，并积极拓展文化交流领域。
" O* q3 ~$ u: x, O8 M$ W
　　比较中国与日本的经济发展，金融时报指出，在更为重要的购买力方面，中国在近十年前已超过日本，而中国的季度GDP总值超过日本，则更多的与汇率及统计方法有关；为了说明这点，经济学家会告诉你，两个国家使用相同材料和人工，建造一样的房屋，日本创造的国内生产总值是中国的3倍，原因在于日本所花费的一切成本均比中国高出很多。" R0 z0 K( H3 M
; t' p' `& T) ?4 Y! \
（责任编辑：杨海洋）
- _2 Z5 _3 A. P' p* ~) b
Running with the bulls: A rosy view of China in 2020  Source : Reuters! Z7 s2 D0 h. `" G+ C# v! F1 p

BEIJING: By 2020, China is entering its fifth decade of sustained growth. The trade surpluses that used to strain the global economy have shrunk into insignificance as the Middle Kingdom's consumption steadily grows.
, t( r: j" G& p0 e
A productive workforce is much better paid, lancing the boil of a widening income gap. Purchasing power has surged thanks to a stronger yuan. Beijing is a leader in improving energy efficiency. rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de2 t) `" F: m% ?8 |( G' p% s3 ?
  N1 H6 @) H. c2 C
Let's leave aside worries of a property bubble and a new crop of bad loans. Forget the spectre of protectionism.
人在德国社区2 z  Z3 _- M& k: K  ]# t) v5 `6 x6 ^
After investors' bearish reaction last week to a moderate slowdown in economic growth in July, it's time to make again the unabashed long-term bullish case for China.
' {# ^* _0 `* v+ ^$ N" l
Ross Garnaut, an economics professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, is among those confident that China is about to enter an era of higher-quality growth, not least because demographics dictate that unlimited supplies of cheap labour will soon be a thing of the past.
2 v4 J3 O& C- V6 u
First and foremost, there will be large and continuing increases in real wages and in the wage share of income, Garnaut wrote in the East Asia Forum, an online newsletter. & S) @8 k" m/ W/ B0 B
0 i0 Y" P4 a/ ^! F& h$ l
This is critical. Pay has risen briskly in China, but profits and the government's share of national income have risen even faster, squeezing workers.
  u" B7 E5 L' ^
"The powerful tendency since the 1980s towards increased inequality in income distribution is likely to be reversed," Garnaut wrote.
9 k6 O. c0 N" @5 B! ?1 C7 ~+ j  b
In this virtuous circle, spending will rise and the national savings rate will fall, thus reducing China's external surpluses and easing tensions with Beijing's trading partners. ' N" C7 L$ J3 E8 }  t9 f
; M+ F) \' l  V0 q, O# l" {% a
Garnaut said there was no basis for assuming that a shrinking workforce, which is set to contract from around 2015, would dent the productivity gains; the economy could keep expanding at close to the near double-digit average of the past 30 years of market reform. rs238848.rs.hosteurope.de6 B1 E) D" z/ w* A8 A

That headlong growth catapulted China past Japan last quarter to become the world's second-largest economy, according to an estimate on Monday by Japan's Cabinet Office. # g5 j2 \$ Q2 v7 _3 x, b6 t
+ [2 |) v% p% k9 q4 s  C9 p! ^
Urbanisation, development of the interior and investment in a low-carbon economy will sustain growth at more than 9 per cent in the coming decade, according to Li Daokui, an economics professor at Tsinghua University in Beijing.

China, Lie said, is set to enjoy a "golden period".   l% ]  ]( E" T2 B

If he's right, the consequences for the rest of the world will be far-reaching. 3 ^& M" w4 i# \4 ~2 L# f

International Monetary Fund economists Vivek Arora and Athanasios Vamvakidis calculate that, over the last two decades, a per centage point extra Chinese growth is correlated with an average rise of 0.5 percentage point in other countries' growth.   n0 j0 M( B. z4 e( Q+ W( Z
  Y- \$ o% l. @
"Moreover, while China's spillovers initially only mattered for neighbouring countries, the importance of distance has diminished over time," they wrote in a working paper.

Garnaut reckons even richer vistas could open up for the likes of India as China's comparative advantage shifts to technologically complex goods from simple manufactures.
2 e! v' g& o  v$ m: ^
Think high-speed trains, not plastic toys.